Difference Between Papule And Wart

Conttrolli Quality of dose calibrator


Accuracy:

evaluate how "precise" measurement dose based on measurement of two "strandard" long half-life, usually, as in our case cesium (137Cs with a half-life of 30 years) and cobalt (57Co with a half-life of 270 days). The average reading of a series of measurements is compared with the values \u200b\u200bof the National Institute of Standards and Technology, if the amount differs by more than 10% you should not use the dose calibrator.

controls are both standards at the time of installation, annually and after any repair technician.

We do on a monthly basis.



Constance

is to ensure that the dose calibrator readings do not vary over time. is obtained by measuring repeatedly a long half-life radionuclide (137Cs). The measure should not vary by more than 10% compared with baseline measurements made at the date of installation of the equipment.
The reading of each energy window or channel is carried out daily and compared with previous readings.


Linearity:

Evaluate the accuracy of the measure on the range of doses used in nuclear medicine. For example, you can measure the highest dose used and repeat the measurement at 6, 24, 30, 48 and 96 hours (or schermarela dose with calibrated screens gradually thicker in order to simulate the decay.
The check should be performed at instalalzione, monthly, and technical operations after repair.



Geometry:

Currency variations in the count due to the geometry of the vessel containing the dose to assess using a standard dose vials with a progressively and then eluted as the difference in readings should not vary however, most from 10% (it is good test for this purpose containers that are used daily such as syringes mainly)
the frequency of monthly and technical operations after repair

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Artifacts

Artifacts

presence of free pertechnetate :
appear salivary glands, stomach, intestinal tract and thyroid

colloidal impurities:
liver and spleen appear

Grosse impurity
appear lungs

Note that hydrophilic impurities are not related protein and weight lipophilic < style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0);"> between 300-1000 daltons can be excreted from the hepatobiliary system.


as Artifacts:

1. Factors related to radionuclide
2. Factors related to the components
3. Factors related to the preparation procedure

The presence in amounts of 99Tc and 99Mo at the expense of 99mTc determine as mentioned, a decrease of technetium 99m tied for free. It follows a change in the biodistribution;

the normal distributions of 99mTc-MIBI (for the study of the myocardium), where these changes are present, will follow a different biodistribution for thyroid and liver.


Factors related to the components

• tin ions, if the reaction would simply be too few, if there are too many forms colloids
• concentrations of reagents: the volume should not be too large. For example DMSA prepared with 2 ml 90% ends up in the kidneys in 15 minutes, while only 10 ml of 70%
  
• number and size of particles : If you inject too little degradation of MAA I ' image and I think wrongly uan hypoperfusion. If they inject too much I will have hot spots in immegini and a "risk" species in a patient already compromise
• Provider Columns and Kits : several columns can contain varying amounts of aluminum or mercaptobenzothiazole neutralized with chlorobutyl stoppers. Behave differently in front of a different column. The same applies to the kit cold.

Factors related to the preparation process

• Mixing: species with protein denaturation can shake gently otherwise
  
• Mixing order: the steps are done in a certain order, such as the first pond and then the chelating radionuclide
• Heating : in some tests to see how those the spleen with red cells is necessary to damage the red blood cells with heat (so that the spleen will Captiva). If you heat them too much they do not break and spleen uptake. If you heat them too little does not damage the spleen and picks them little. In both cases I get a useful diagnostic result.
  
• Incubation : Products "fridge" have to reach room temperature before incubation otherwise is like having an incubation time and reaction time, reduced.
• Coligandi : Depending on coligando that can be used with different chemical species and therefore different biodistribution.
  
• Competing components: attention to substances (such such as plasma) that can act as competitors of the reaction
  
• Solubility: some lipophilic drugs need a certain volume to dissolve
• Anticoagulants: may act as competitors
• oxidation and radiolysis : Some fear the drugs 'air (such as DTPA, HMPAO, HDP), others require a bit' so that air does not form impurities
• Storage : some "drugs" as the labeled leukocytes are required nelal plastic as they tend to stick to the glass