Fake Hollie Willoughby Bundle

Report on the year e. .. Happy 2010!

Is this to end in 2009 and everywhere I look around, sites, blogs, newspapers, magazines, usually draw up the budget year, summarizing the main news and preparing for the next round of our planet around the Sun. . is perhaps appropriate to do so for this blog?

It's been a long year, this Year of Astronomy 2009 ... I had never written for the public and be able to keep a regular space for a whole year was a great challenge that seemed almost impossible to sustain ... when the first of us began to think seriously about this idea, when we offered to children of Money, we did not know that would take shape ... but then, thanks to the participation of many friends and colleagues, we managed to keep his word!

And so "to see the stars," he said, week after week, many pieces of our universe, from the small items close to home - our Earth the comets, the planets and satellites neighbors - through the stars, the birth to death, then get the biggest and most distant cosmic agglomerations - the galaxies, clusters of galaxies the , the structure of 'Universe on a grand scale and its expansion - trying to figure out why all these bodies are distributed in this way .

We have presented the most advanced telescopes that scan the sky in different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum, from radio waves to gamma rays, through a telescope that looks like a great binoculars and a observatory aboard a plane , not to mention the 'adaptive optics , a powerful technique used to reduce the harmful effects of atmospheric turbulence on astronomical images.

We have also reported the latest news regarding probes and satellites that scan the universe outside the Earth: launch the Planck satellite, which observes the cosmic microwave radiation the repair the Hubble Space Telescope, the last flyby of the planet Rosetta, which will study a comet's very, very closely.

We also tried to explain the current state of our knowledge about the composition of the universe, starting from ' origin of the elements on Earth to dark matter and dark energy that permeates the Universe but the nature of which little is known, through the elusive neutrinos and particles studied in accelerators like the Large Hadron Collider .

We have also listed the techniques to detect other planets outside the solar system giving an overview of the space telescopes dedicated to this research and examine the possibility that life exists elsewhere in the Universe .

We celebrated two significant anniversaries - the 40th anniversary of what has gone down in history as the first "landing" and 90 years from ' experiment confirmed the theory of Einstein's General Relativity - and we have proposed a rediscovery of the sky with the naked eye - comets, eclipses , "shooting stars" - in memory of another significant anniversary, the 400th anniversary of Galileo's first observations from (and heated disputes that resulting ).

We have always kept an eye on the physics behind the beautiful images of the cosmos, trying to explain the meaning of words like blacks holes, quasars , gravitational lenses, flashes of gamma rays , chaos theory ...

We learned a lot this year, and we hope to also be able (at least a little) in order to tell what is really research in astronomy. We hope that our readers have learned something and that you have enjoyed following it.

What will become of this blog next year, still do not know ... To find out, stay tuned ... Happy 2010 to all readers "to see the stars"!

Where To Ge The Bet Ontario Fake Ids

Crematory: "INFINITY" AND 'THE NEW ALBUM

The German gothic metallers Crematory will release the new album, 'Infinity', in February 2010. The CD will include a song in German and a special cover of 'Black Celebration' by Depeche Mode.

Tracklist of 'Infinity':

01. Infinity
02. Sense Of Time
03. Out Of Mind
04. Black Celebration (Depeche Mode cover)
05. Never Look Back
06. Broken Halo
07. Where Are You Now
08. A Story About ...
09. No One Knows
10. Auf Der Flucht

Inebrya Kromask Ice Cream Hair Dye

Proprietor of BURZUM: COVER AND OTHER NEWS ON "Belus"

Kristian Larsson Vikernes (alias 'Qisling Varg' Vikernes aka 'Count Grishnackh') is ready to release a new album, Belus, out on March 8, 2010.
The album is dedicated to the 'white god' of light diffused in ancient (and represented in different civilizations with the names of Apollo, Balder, Belenus, Belus, Bragi, Belobog, Jarilo etc..) And musical level should be along the lines the old and great "Det som engang var", "tar oss Hvis lyset" and "Filosofem.

TRACKLIST:

Lukans Renkespill '
' Belus' Dod '
' Glemselens Elv '
' Kaimadalthas' Til Nedstigning''Besøk Kelio '
' Alvenes Dans'
'Alvegavene'
'Sverddans'
' Keliohesten '
'Morgenrød'
'Belus' Tilbakekomst'

MORE INFO ON THE CONCEPT OF "GOD WHITE ON THE OFFICIAL SITE OF BURZUM:

http://www.burzum.org/eng/library/a_burzum_story10 . shtml

Quotes For My 20 Birthday

galaxies, particles and other targets

reading the science news reported by major media, one has the impression that research is a great game: those who finish first will be remembered forever, and after a great discovery cases are archived. Usually it is not a faithful description of reality. Sometimes, though, the atmosphere of the race against time not only the gist of the message filtered through the media, but a routine part of the same scientists. At least sometimes. Let's look at some very recent examples.

Last May, the Hubble Space Telescope has been visited by a team of astronauts who have replaced and repaired some of its tools, greatly increasing its already high performance. The powerful eye that scans the universe outside of our atmosphere has risen to new life , and has made numerous comments during the summer. One of the most sought-after goals by astronomers is known as the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, the field very deep: it is a photograph of the sky obtained by exposing more than 48 hours to try to capture the light from distant galaxies to us, one of the first to have formed in the Universe. Even the "old" Hubble, before installation of the new instruments, had obtained spectacular images, identifying galaxies formed just 800 million years after the Big Bang, and the results promised by the new instruments were awaited with great trepidation. The first data were published last September 9 to the entire scientific community. Only two days later, the database where astronomers upload their research papers, there were already four articles that reported the discovery of the most distant galaxies ever seen before, formed between 700 and 550 million years after the Big Bang. To obtain these numbers, members of groups that submitted these works tell of having worked continuously for 48 hours analyzing the data, probably part of the work was ready, and waited for the actual data to pull out the numbers. After more than three months, those early results have not yet been fully realized, and published articles on the subject have increased both in number and in accuracy of the analysis. After all, no matter to find "the" most distant galaxies, although maybe that is the (temporary) goal that is imprinted in the collective memory. The results of interest to understand the formation of galaxies and the entire history of our universe can be obtained by identifying "many" distant galaxies and not in two days, but weeks and months of work.

Similarly, recent weeks have seen a similar rush in the field of particle physics. The LHC accelerator (of which we dealt with last week) started to work at CERN in Geneva, although still at low energies. The first proton collisions have occurred on November 23, and only five days after an article which reported the results obtained was ready for publication, signed by a vast collaboration of physicists in those days worked non-stop. Again, much of the work had already been prepared for months, and looked forward to throw in the data analysis meal to pull out the first numbers. The race to be the "first" has accelerated the work, although you will have to wait months for the main result expected from the experiment, which confirm (or not) that the so-called Higgs particle exists, and the resulting implications for theories fundamental physical.

Last Thursday also were announced the results of another major particle physics experiment, conducted in the U.S. and committed to try to identify in the laboratory, the so-called dark matter that astrophysicists believe pervades the universe. The experiment called CDMS (Cryogenic Dark Matter Search) and is located in a mine, half a mile underground in Minnesota. But about ten days before the announcement itself, the scientific community was in great turmoil. Before getting to know the nature of the new data about to be published, but based simply on the news that "some" data would be announced about the dark matter, at least three groups in the world had already begun to prepare articles analyzing the possible consequences of these theoretical results! In the end, the announcement was not epochal as expected: two observations made with CDMS "could" be explained with dark matter, but not necessarily. We need to make and, of course, long analysis to interpret the results.

Why run, then? To be the first to find the most distant galaxies, the most elusive particles? To accommodate the media hungry for news that they forget the next day? After a year behind the row of this column, ask yourself these questions naturally. We tried to propose with "to see the stars," an alternative space, that the stories of races and milestones replaced a more careful reflection on the hidden science behind each result. We hope to have succeeded, at least a little. I take this opportunity to greet and thank all readers who have written to all staff during this long Year of Astronomy 2009.

CLAUDIA MIGNONE

image, the latest version of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, achieved through observations in the infrared band to capture the light of distant galaxies, among the first to form in 'universe. To understand the depth of these observations, we think that the sides of the image in the sky are about 12 times smaller than the diameter of the Moon! (NASA, ESA, and the HUDF09 Team)

Can You Freeze Carrot Juice?

Scientists and peoples

a delicate balance of coexistence after Copenhagen

The study of celestial bodies and physical features of their mechanisms of formation and evolution has been an important field of scientific research of the twentieth century. The discovery of physical processes that underlie the warming of our sun - nuclear reactions, and thus indirectly the earth's surface by radiation, has led scientists to the first middle of last century to build the tremendous nuclear device. A peaceful and better use of these technologies was then, to exploit the energy released by nuclear reactions to start the now much debated and discussed nuclear power plants. Nowadays, various analysis and technologies are being developed to optimize the use of solar panels for domestic use and for use more eco-friendly. Therefore I want to emphasize that these examples in physics and astrophysics studies are not far away from society but rather they are closely related to the development and improvement of our conditions and our lifestyles.

Various studies agree that the city we live in are increasingly affected by pollution and full of carbon dioxide (CO2), the use of old technology coal should be replaced with something new and more environmentally sustainable, especially considering the growing need of new superpowers and super-populated China, India and Brazil.

So I think that a scientist should be given the chance to tell her, to judge policies and government decisions, and propose alternatives to those primarily driven by economic interests and the market made by the Heads of Government.

In this regard I would like to bring to light an incident recently took place during the days of global warming and climate summit in Copenhagen. In Danish capital in recent days met one hundred and twenty Heads of State and Government, thirty thousand accredited journalists over five thousand and fifteen thousand delegates to discuss, analyze, and figures out which direction we should all move together to prevent the continued rise of CO2 and global warming which we are all individuals. Various were the personalities and scientists who have succeeded on stage and in the midst of the discussion forum of "Bella Center. Among the so-called departments concerned to make their contribution there was also Luca Tornatore. Luke is a researcher in astrophysics at the Astronomical Observatory of Trieste, is the author of a dozen scientific papers of international significance and it was, or rather is - unfortunately - still there in Copenhagen. Luke was arrested on December 14, shortly after holding a public intervention, accused of throwing a petrol bomb during a clash between police and known, which never seems to have taken part. Luke has a very charismatic personality, and is someone who manages to arouse curiosity and interest even if you find a summer evening for a beer in the streets of Trieste.

Luke was constantly present in the various forums and debates, acting with competence and full participation, it was always visible and was felt even when we had to raise its voice. Most likely this was identified by police as a possible instigator and unjustly detained. Is now in jail in Copenhagen, pending a ruling, which at first was to take the direct route for 14 days, but later was moved to a month. Luke is good, is motivated to go on supporting his total innocence and alienation to the facts of which he is charged. He has received several Christmas cards and support, and only some of the books that were sent by friends and colleagues. He regained a few days for his glasses to read, and is writing to tell really as well as in Denmark and Nordic civil rights and conditions of a prisoner are not respected, but depend mainly by prison guards on duty.

For the record, the summit ended a few days ago, and with the mediation of the U.S. 'President Barack Obama managed to reach a draft agreement between the two superpowers the U.S. and China to limit global warming to a maximum of two degrees by the end of the century, allocating thirty billion dollars from 2010 to 2012 and Central billion annually until 2020. I think if people would rise to more competent scholars and the voice to be heard in noisy chatter of political disagreements and confrontations, probably the heaters that warm the planet Earth could be extinguished as soon as possible. A big salute to Luke and the next.

CARLO JUGGLER

Appeal for the immediate release of Dr. Luca Tornatore - with those of scientists and university are in these hours, adding subscriptions to dozens of cities and citizens:
http://www.petizionionline.it/petizione / per-la-liberazione-di-luca-tornatore/437

Goldwell Colour Charts

EARTHQUAKE IN THE FORMATION OF KATATONIA!

The official website of Band:
http://katatonia.com/
was posted the news that the brothers Fredrik "North" and Mattias Norrman "Kryptan" Norrman have decided to leave the Katatonia.
rispettivamante Both played in bands for 15 and 10 years.
Mattias Norrman, always in a statement on the band's website, the reason for his choice citing family commitments incompatible with the long tour that the band will have to address soon for promotion the new album "Night is the new day" in November on pubbliacto Peaceville Records)

Gas Stove Takes To Long To Heat Up

TRIPTYKON GET TOM G. WARRIOR

I TRIPTYKON , the new band by Tom Gabriel Warrior (singer, guitarist and author of Hellhammer and Celtic Frost) have announced that their label, prowling Death Records Ltd., has signed a licensing agreement with Century Media Records.

With this contract, Century Media Records will release their debut album TRIPTYKON, entitled 'Eparistera daimones', March 22, 2010.

This tracklist of 'Eparistera daimones':

01. Goetia

02. Abyss Within My Soul

03. In shrouds Decayed

04. Shrine

05. A Thousand Lies

06. Descendant

07. Myopic Empire

08. My Pain

09. Prolonging The

Source: Metalitalia

Walk In Doorless Tile Shower

John Frusciante AGAIN LEAVE THE RED HOT CHILI PEPPERS

John Frusciante, following the recent rumors about his departure from the Red Hot Chili Peppers, has confirmed its release of the group without resentment toward his former associates.

"When I left the group, more than a year ago, the group was in a state of indefinite hiatus. I have no resentment toward the boys who in fact were very understanding with me and assured their support to any my decision. Now I have other musical interests. I love the Red Hot Chili Peppers and all that I have done with them, but in ultimi dodici anni sono cambiato, sia come persona che come artista, continuare a lavorare con loro sarebbe stata solo una forzatura“.
Fonte: Kronic.it


LEGGI L'ARTICOLO/RECENSIONE SU "BUFFALO 66" DI VINCENT GALLO A QUESTO LINK:
http://ilmondodiedu.blogspot.com/2009/12/buffalo-66-vincent-gallo-1998.html

Light Up Scooter Wheels

Lothlorien: THE POWER OF PERSEVERANCE!

A questo link:
http://ilmondodiedu.blogspot.com/2009/12/lothlorien-oltre-la-terra-di-mezzo-e.html
i lettori di Disfunzioni Sonore potranno trovare l'intervista di Eddyrovonero a Lucio Auciello, single helm of one man band called Lothlorien.
Lucio presents a preview of the new self-produced EP entitled "As the leaves" strongly influenced by the Prog / Rock 70s.
Check it out!!

Where To Watch Prosti

Waiting for the Higgs particle

On November 23, 2009 was a crucial day in the field of particle physics: The first collision took place at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) The great experiment in progress at CERN in Geneva.

The LHC is the largest and most powerful particle accelerator in the world. It has a circumference of 27 km and is located about 100 m below ground. Two beams of protons, the fundamental particles which, together with electrons and neutrons, which make up atoms, are circulated in opposite directions and collide at different points in the experiment. The first collision occurred with protons at speeds equal to 99.9998% the speed of light. Subsequently, the energy of protons was gradually increased and, in less than ten days, the LHC has already reached energies ever obtained previously. In the future you will be able to accelerate proton beams up to a speed equal to 99.9999991% the speed of light, which will then collide.

The theory describes our knowledge in the field of elementary particles and their interactions is called "Standard Model". It represents a true mathematical model, based on important symmetries, which form the basis of the theory. To explain the fact that the particles have a mass, the so-called Standard Model is joined Higgs mechanism, which is named after Peter Higgs, a physicist who theorized its existence.

To understand how this mechanism works, we may treat the elementary particles at very light plastic balls. Imagine now immersed in a tub filled with a thick fluid, such as honey. In moving the balls inside the tank, have the impression that they have become heavier. At the microscopic level, the elementary particles acquire a mass in a manner similar to balls dipped in honey, through interaction with the so-called "Higgs field". The Higgs mechanism predicts also the existence of a new particle, called, precisely, particle or Higgs boson.

The primary purpose of the LHC is precisely to reveal the origin of mass, through the discovery of the Higgs particle. It is expected also that the LHC could reveal new types of particles predicted by theories of the Standard Model more complex. These theories, in general, provide a response to other fundamental questions such as, for example, the nature of Dark Matter , that astrophysicists believe pervades the universe.

Some fifteen years have passed since the construction of LHC was approved by CERN, the end of 1994. After years of work on the construction of this huge accelerator, physicists from around the world are waiting impatiently important discoveries. In addition to providing answers to fundamental questions, the LHC also expect important technological implications. Remember that just came to CERN in 1989, the World Wide Web, which has radically changed our daily lives.

VIVIANA NIRO

image, the colossal structure of the detector ATLAS, one of the LHC experiments. At the center of the image, a huge calorimeter capable of measuring the energy of the particles produced by the collision of protons, eight giant tubes are actually powerful magnets needed to accelerate particles and keep them on a certain trajectory. Image CERN / ATLAS.

Exploitation Movies To Watch Free

Friends and fellow celestial

Turning our eyes to the night sky there is no doubt that one of the first impressions that come to mind is: why the stars we see are arranged in that way in the celestial sphere? Obviously, a more precise question would require the replacement of the word "stars" with the more general term of bodies heavenly. In fact, looking in more detail the so-called stars are not only stars but also galaxies , planets and asteroids . And why are grouped close to each other? The answer is that the force of gravity brings the heavenly bodies to move closer to each other as time goes by.

Let's start looking into such "home": the first thing you notice is that the Moon , the "companion" Earth revolves around it. In turn, the Earth revolves around the Sun , located at the center of the Solar System. Around it 8 orbiting the planets (in order of distance: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune), plus a vast family of smaller bodies including comets, asteroids, and some dwarf planets like Ceres and the now demoted Pluto with its companion Charon. The Earth is at a distance from the Sun about 150 million kilometers, the light reaches the airport in about 8 minutes, and takes longer than 5 hours to reach Pluto!

The bodies of the solar system, therefore, tend to be in company, and this is due to the training took place, most likely, the collapse gravitational a so-called protoplanetary cloud. If we go beyond our solar system we see that the Sun has other stars as "neighbors." The closest is Alpha Centauri, which is part of a triple star system (Proxima, Alpha Centauri A and Alpha B), at a distance of 4.3 light years: this means that they can travel at the speed of light takes 4 years and 4 months to reach it. Even Sirius, the brightest star in the night sky, it's pretty close to the Sun and is the fifth in order of distance from it, at about 8:58 light-years.

Another thing that has always intrigued those who watch the night sky is a band in the sky thickens where a large number of stars. These stars, of course with our Sun, are joined in the star system to put together a very numerous (about a few hundred billion) to which they belong, in fact, all the stars we see with the naked eye in the sky: it's our galaxy, the Milky Way. Considering our entire galaxy, we realize also that the Sun's distance to Alpha Centauri and Sirius, a few light years, is insignificant compared to the Universe on a grand scale: even the Sun is 27.000 years much light from the center of the Milky Way.

The Milky Way galaxy is a so-called "spiral" which covers about 78.500 light years, and in turn is part of a system of several galaxies called the Local Group. So we see that all the celestial objects tend to have similar as their neighbors. The Local Group is in fact made up of fifty galaxies is centered at a point between the Milky Way and the nearby Andromeda galaxy, and extends for about ten million light years. Among the members, in addition to the Milky Way and Andromeda, the galaxy include the Triangle, the Small and the Large Magellanic Cloud and a considerable number of small galaxies, elliptical and spheroidal dwarf galaxies such as Barnard's Galaxy, Leo I and II. On a still larger , the Local Group is in turn part, along with other groups of galaxies, a huge system called the Virgo Supercluster, one of the many galaxy clusters that populate the universe. We, with our solar system, the Milky Way and the Local Group, we are on the outskirts of the supercluster, and we are slowly moving toward its center.

Universe, is accompanied by celestial objects therefore to each other, they approach and move away a bit 'as we humans do with the people around us. The difference is that while human relationships can be both attractive to repulsive, the relationship of "friendship" of celestial bodies is governed by gravity and will therefore always attractive.

CARLO JUGGLER

illustration above, the planets of the solar system, Earth's closest companions, and in the background, the large number of stars, distant friends of the Sun, which together form the Milky Way ( www.pianeti.info ).
illustration below, cosmic agglomerations gradually larger from left to right and from top to bottom, the Solar System, the "neighborhood" of the Sun, with all the stars in the area, the "realm" galactic , size of the Milky Way and nearby galaxies, the Local Group and ultimately the Virgo Supercluster. The position of Earth is shown in red, and the scale of their figures are shown next to the pictures (German Space Agency - DLR / Azcolvin).

Sand Rail Building Plan

a habitable planet: our!

Last week we dealt with the Rosetta probe and his voyage in search of the origins of our solar system. The road has three Rosetta gravitational encounters with the Earth, the last of which occurred on November 13: its closest point approximately coincided with the island of Java, in Indonesia, "touched" a 2500 km level. From this privileged position, the spacecraft took some stunning photos of our little blue planet.

Vista beauty of these images, we decided to continue in the wake of last post and re-propose, through the photo shoot produced by Rosetta, the silent spectacle of the planet.



Above, a sunlit crescent of Earth: we recognize the South America and Antarctica.

Below, an animation shows the images taken by Rosetta, within 24 hours, during its approach to Earth.

Top, our planet shrouded in thick clouds.

Top: false color image dell'anticiclone South Pacific Ocean.

Below, a wider field, sull'anticiclone centered in the South Pacific. The gray scale in this image is exactly like the human eye can perceive space.

Pictures ESA (www.esa.int )

Cervix Is Hard And Open

Chasing a comet to decipher our origins The dark galaxy clusters

We had to wait until 1800 and the fortuitous discovery of some 800 kg of grain to be able to translate Egyptian hieroglyphics. The "Rosetta Stone" is a sheet that contains the same text in Egyptian and greek, which allowed, thanks to the knowledge of greek, to decipher the hieroglyphs today and give us the knowledge of a language that would otherwise have remained forever immersed in the mystery .

Similarly, the Rosetta mission is now on the road to get to decipher his "subscriptions" testifying to the origins of our solar system. This time, however, rather than wait for the emergence of some random dusty archaeological site, the tracks that we are hiding on some of the most remote bodies in our solar system: modern sites archaeological anything but dusty. Comets and asteroids , in fact, may be regarded as cocoons remaining from the formation of our solar system and therefore represent the best places where to go in search of our subscriptions.

During the time of the formation of the Solar System (more than 4 billion years ago) a huge disk of dust swirling around an embryo of our Sun has begun to thicken, creating a body size gradually more significant. The largest, called planetoids, have also begun to have a "life" and geological own gravity, while the smaller bodies have not reached sufficient size to attract more dust. Formed in the outer regions of the solar system, so cold that many of the materials of the disk of dust, including water, were in solid form, have preserved some of their chemical structure without undergoing significant changes later.

Some of the bodies in question are now comets: piles of rock and ice above that move around the Sun in highly elliptical orbits. This allows them to experience completely different conditions and environments, from extremely dark and cold regions, far beyond the outermost planets, to areas where the solar influence is so strong, both in terms of gravity and heat, to change radically their structure Physico-chemistry, giving the other hand the superb foliage. To find and use our new stele we have to reach and explore a comet before its first approach to the Sun, "guilty" to completely erase the evidence of which we are looking for.

Rosetta, whose name is directly borrowed from the famous stele of the above was launched by European Space Agency (ESA) in 2004 and has as its primary objective the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. After almost five years Rosetta is about half way of his trip, which ends in 2014 beyond the orbit of Jupiter, 10 years after the launch and in conditions such that you can begin to turn around the comet rather than just pass by.

To read our stele and to take advantage of the long journey made, the probe carries with it Philae, a small robot (the one which is labeled a "lander") that will be issued by Rosetta very slowly to land on the comet. The severity of 67P, however, is so low (we're talking about a "mass" of about 4 km in diameter) that some drills and cables will be necessary so that the lander on the comet does not rebound and lost in interplanetary space.

reach a comet is a journey much more detail than the "standard" which is taken to reach a planet. The severity each of the massive bodies of the Solar System can be used to modify the initial orbit to reach a moderate spending more energy from the Earth in an orbit with a very low cost of fuel or, at worst, nothing at all. The trick is to 'steal' a bit of gravitational energy of the planet passing very near. The planet, infinitely more massive than our Rosetta, will not notice anything, the probe, however, receive a significant boost that will accelerate to its destination.

Road Rosetta has three gravitational encounters with the Earth and a Mars before he could reach the comet 67P and put into orbit around it so that it can be follow for a while on her way to the sun The last step of the probe close to the Earth occurred on November 13, 2009: we have seen, therefore, the last chance for us to see close to Rosetta and her a closer look at an inhabited planet. During his journey Rosetta has already visited, in September 2008, including the asteroid 2867 Steins, the next step in his short tour of small bodies in the solar system will, in about a year, the flyby with the asteroid Leutelia , another small step important for our search for clues about the origins of the Solar System.

Then the probe will be "off", or put in what is called a state of hibernation in which only a faint beep from his main computer will continue to reach Earth. Hibernation, planned to save energy during the coldest part of his trip will last for four years to make operational all the equipment back on board near the comet. Only then will again be switched on his instruments for our final assault to the hieroglyphics that still hide our origins.

Pierpaolo Pergola

Pictured from top to bottom: the Rosetta stone, dating from the second century BC and exhibited at the British Museum in London, a representation of the encounter between the Rosetta space probe and the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, what will happen in 2014, the complex trajectory of the Rosetta probe through the orbits of various solar system bodies.

Angela's Moncler Cost

The galaxies in the universe tend to stay together : astronomers noticed it already in the thirties, analyzing photographic plates made at the time that those were the most powerful observatories the world. Recognize the "clusters" of galaxies in an image in two dimensions is not trivial: often, two or more neighboring galaxies appear only for an effect of projection, which makes them fall into the same point of time Heavenly although in reality very far from each other. In other cases, however, it is physically nearby galaxies, one o'clock that feel the gravitational pull of the other: depending on the number of objects involved, astronomers speak of groups (a few dozen) or clusters (up to some thousand) of galaxies.

The clusters of galaxies are the largest structures in the universe, to be held together by gravity. They extend up to tens of millions of light years and have a mass of up to a few million billion times the Sun Yet this mass of galaxies accounts for less than ten percent! Astronomers continue to call them clusters galaxies for historical reasons, but as it turned out later, the main components of these giants are the cosmic gas, hot mixture of electrons and protons at a temperature of at least ten million degrees, emitting X-rays, and dark matter , which does not emit light and therefore can not be observed, but whose presence can be intuited indirectly.

isolate the contributions due to galaxies and gas is relatively simple: the first can be observed with conventional optical telescopes, the second thanks to satellites that operate in the band X-ray The dark matter, however, represents a sensitive subject and, in some circles, still controversial. The total mass

of a cluster can be studied by the effect of gravitational lensing, gravitational lensing or that it exerts on galaxies, located "behind" the cluster: their shape is distorted in a characteristic way, described by the theory of Einstein's general relativity, which depends on the total amount of matter contained in the cluster. Many astrophysicists, but not all, believe that the clusters are dominated by this elusive dark matter, and attach it to the total mass reconstructed by gravitational lensing.


In 2006, a very particular object has shed light on these obscure topics: "Bullet Cluster" (English, Bullet Cluster). This is actually two clusters that have "recently" clash "the cloud" of gas in the cluster on the right (the bullet) does have the typical form of a shock wave, shaped by the collision with the other . The gas has slowed down during the clash, a sort of "friction" that is separated from the galaxies from regions where it is saved most of the two clusters of matter as it was "discovered" by the study of lensing gravity. This separation shows that most of the material has interacted with the gas only via gravity. The appearance of these "scrap" cosmic is thus interpreted as evidence of the existence of dark matter.

CLAUDIA MIGNONE

In this image of the "Bullet Cluster observations of galaxies (white / yellow) and gas (pink) are coupled with the reconstruction of the mass is brought about by gravitational lensing (in blue). Image NASA / CXC / CfA / M.Markevitch et al. (Observations X) NASA / STScI, Magellan / U.Arizona / D.Clowe et al. (Optical observations), NASA / STScI, ESO WFI, Magellan / U.Arizona / D.Clowe et al. (Reconstruction by lensing).

Collapse Puzzle Hacks

All eyes on the Milky Way

Anyone admired the night sky will perhaps surprising to believe that our eyes are really blind than most of the "light" which comes from the universe. What we perceive is, in fact, only a small fraction of the energy that stars, galaxies and other astronomical sources produce.

The so-called light "visible" is but a fraction of what scientists call the "electromagnetic spectrum: radio waves, microwaves, infrared light correspond to lower energies than visible light, ultraviolet light, X rays and rays range rather have higher energies, but it's still light. The atmosphere

Earth, also contributes to our "isolation" taking some of this radiation and allowing only visible light and radio waves. If there were no atmosphere, and if our eyes have evolved in some of the countless other ways, probably the night sky would appear in a different way.

Thanks to technological advances of recent decades, astronomers have learned to look at the sky but also in other energy, thus creating innumerable discoveries. Using space telescopes that scan the universe from a privileged location outside the atmosphere, in orbit around the Earth, have been able to open "new eyes" on cosmos, observed by light infrared and ultraviolet, through X-rays, gamma rays and microwave .

In particular, the images of the same object made of different "bands" of energy reveal the wide range of physical phenomena that occur within it. This image, released last Tuesday by NASA, it is a shining example.


For being portrayed is the center of our galaxy, the Milky Way, which is hidden inside a supermassive black hole with a mass equal to four million times that of the Sun, whose presence you can not directly observe only sense in an indirect way. The different colors in the image correspond to observations made in different energy bands, and reflect different physical phenomena.

what he sees Hubble Space Telescope in visible light and the so-called "near-infrared, is shown in yellow: it is hundreds of thousands of stars, some of which are emerging while others shine, burning the their nuclear fuel. In red, however, shows the observations made by the infrared Spitzer Space Telescope. The infrared light corresponds to lower energies than visible objects Spitzer is so sensitive to colder than to Hubble, and can "see" the filamentary structure of the clouds of cosmic dust , forged by winds generated by nearby stars, and from which new stars are born in the future. Blue and purple, finally, to the observed data are reproduced by the Space Telescope Chandra X-ray: X-rays are emitted by gas at very high temperatures, over a million degrees, which is located near the galactic center, so warm thanks to 'energy released from the nearby stellar explosions and energy jets from the black hole hidden in the heart of the Milky Way.

combining the images obtained with different telescopes, astronomers have been able to discover previously unknown details about the phenomena violent and impetuous that take place in the center of our Galaxy, about 26.000 years-light from us.

CLAUDIA MIGNONE

This image, about the size of the full moon in the sky, shows the rising stars, explosions, clouds of gas and dust in the Milky Way's center. The different colors correspond to observations in different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum: the yellow is in the visible and near infrared observations (Hubble), red is infrared observations (Spitzer), the blue-violet shows the X-ray observations (Chandra). Image released by NASA, ESA, CXC, SSC, STScI.

Homemade Aluminium Boats

The energy gamma rays

All amateur astronomers are accustomed to seeing images of the same object in different energy bands from radio observations, optical, infrared, ultraviolet, X-ray It is not so common, however, hear about most of the energy of the electromagnetic spectrum: gamma rays.

This light has an energy about 10 billion times greater than the light to which the human eye is sensitive. Unfortunately it is not possible to directly observe this radiation as the Earth's atmosphere is not transparent at these energies. The problem can be circumvented in part through the use of space telescopes , but what about an important part of gamma rays, high energy ones, this is not possible for purely logistical reasons: these photons are so rare that the dimensions of the telescope are prohibitive for an experiment to be sent into orbit.

Another way to observe these photons uses the same atmosphere of the Earth as a large particle detector. The gamma rays that pass through the atmosphere interact with the atoms thereof and lose energy, producing a cascade of particles. The particles in the cascade have a speed faster than the speed of light in the atmosphere (but still less than the speed of light in vacuum!) And produce the so-called Cherenkov radiation: this is a cone of light that, when it reaches the ground, it can illuminate an area of \u200b\u200babout 100 meters range!

This light is then gathered by telescopes and analyzed. Among the latest experiments in this field include HESS (High Energy Stereoscopic System), located in Namibia, MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov Telescope), located in La Palma, Canary Islands, and VERITAS (Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System), Arizona, United States. These experiments take advantage of the stereoscopic technique, or use multiple telescopes spread over an extensive area, to cover the cone of light produced by the waterfall: this allows us to determine more certainty the direction from which the photons and their energy.


Each telescope is not fundamentally different from a traditional optical telescope. The main difference is the size of the mirror: the two telescopes MAGIC experiment, for example, have a diameter of about 17 meters each, while that of the telescope to be built during the next phase of the experiment HESS is even over 20 meters ! Of course it is not monolithic mirrors, which consist of a single block, but made up of many small pieces.

Many and various are the astronomical objects that can be studied with this technique: an example is jets of particles emitted by the nuclei of so-called active galaxies, which hide within them a supermassive black hole that devours the surrounding matter, or nebulae of energetic particles ejected from the stars when, at the end of their lives, explode in the form of supernovae.

GIOVANNA PEDALETTI

picture, the four telescopes currently comprising the HESS experiment in the Plateau of Khomas, Namibia. The experiment is fully operational since 2004, will be enhanced in the coming years with more telescopes to achieve even better performance. (Credits: HESS Collaboration)

Average Markup On Toys

Theatre tells the science

Life of Galileo: Bertolt Brecht staged the conflict of men search

It is not easy to talk about science to the general public. Even more difficult is to talk about the dynamics of socio-political issues related to science. If we try to do it in an artistic way (eg through the cinema or theater), we encounter an epic challenge. No coincidence that there are few films and / or plays that deal with scientific issues.

A milestone in this field is certainly the work "The Life of Galileo" by Bertolt Brecht German. In a lean and very effective, says Brecht of a Galileo who, inflamed by his own discoveries in astronomy, is focused on spreading the new way of conceiving the universe. This new world view is considered heretical by the Church that pushes Galileo to renounce all his discoveries, "recant."

The Brecht's Galileo is a very complex and at times heroic. For example, heroic and difficult to interpret and 'his recantation. Accusation of his disciples that he had bowed to the power of the Church, Galileo says, "better than empty hands tied." Do not recant would lead to the death sentence of Galileo (as had happened to Giordano Bruno) and perhaps the entire astronomical research of which he was an irreplaceable member suffered a breakdown. Galileo to recant, and then deciding to live secretly pursuing his studies on the motion of celestial bodies, and finally manages to deliver it to Andrea, his trusted disciple, which is managed in the Netherlands, the nest of the independent thinkers of the time.

Andrea is a perfect character to try to understand the complexity of some decisions related to science. Andrea, who grew up under the influence of Galileo, developed a love for the analytical method of genuine science. Later, young and full of enthusiasm for new astronomical theories, decided to leave Italy: "I go, I am a scientist," he says. The same Andrew, the news of Galileo dell'abiura, depressed states, "Unhappy the country that has no heroes." Only later in the text, Galileo will answer: "No. Unhappy the country that needs heroes. "

should not be too much effort to see that this story is 400 years old history now. In Italy today there are many of Galileo, less gifted but equally dedicated, many more are leaving Italy's Andrea to places where scientific research is given greater value. If it is true that no longer exists, the court of the Inquisition, the fact remains that those who decide to reduce (or should I say eliminate) the funds for research performs an act of censorship "post-modern." The forms are different but the problems now facing the world of science in Italy are all too similar to the Galilean vicedo.

MARCELLO HUNTED

"Life of Galileo" by Bertolt Brecht is currently on tour in Italy, in a co-production Teatro Stabile del Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Theatre of The Incamminati, directed Antonio Calenda. The dates of the tour you can find here .

In the picture of Thomas Le Pera, Branciaroli Franco plays the role of Galileo.

Scully's Lipstick Color?

A night with Galileo

Four hundred years ago Galileo Galilei was the first to observe the sky with an instrument more powerful than the human eye: a telescope. His revolutionary views have changed forever our conception of the universe, laying the foundations of modern astronomy, which since then has developed a virtually unstoppable, especially in the last century. Galileo's telescope was, of course, almost rudimentary compared to the powerful tools available to contemporary astronomers, able to peer into the hidden mysteries of the cosmos and distant. But let us take a step back and put ourselves in the position of Galileo to retrace his great discoveries.

If most advanced telescopes of the time allow, in the best condition to distinguish even a car on the moon, the little telescope of 1609 had a much lower resolution: the smallest of details that allowed distinguish on the Moon, the celestial body closest to us, a hundred miles were great! Yet this resolution was sufficient for Galileo to observe the craters and mountains Moon, and demonstrate that the moon is a celestial body incorruptible and perfect as it was believed at the time. Similarly, observing the Sun, he found dark spots on its surface, the "sunspots", which is painted surface of the Sun temporarily colder than average, an ordinary process for a star. Galileo noticed that these spots are in progress: they appear and disappear at different points. Even the Sun, then, is not perfect and immutable. A new science was born, and no experimental evidence based on indisputable dogmas.

Other objects of the first Galileo's observations were the two largest planets of the Solar System Jupiter and Saturn. Discovered four moons of Jupiter, called the "Galilean moons", which revolve around the great planet exactly like the Moon revolves around the Earth and the Earth around the Sun, confirming the Copernican view of the world. Saturn was in fact the first to see a strange structure nebula surrounding it was a few years after the Dutch astronomer Huygens to discover that these are the famous rings, a structure of dust revolving around the planet, forming a kind of disc.

The discovery of a very large, and have never been seen, further outer ring of Saturn, made three weeks ago by the Spitzer Space Telescope, which observes the universe through infrared light, reminds us that even four centuries after the first observations of this planet, there is still much to discover: it is never too late to be amazed by the cosmos.

With this approach in mind, last weekend all over the world have been celebrating the Galilean Nights, a global event and an integral part of the 'International Year del'Astronomia . To discover the universe and learn to look with new tools, with new eyes, more than a thousand events have offered the public an opportunity to observe the sky, where Jupiter, Saturn and the Moon were all particularly clearly visible.

In Campania, the Science Centre of the Fondazione IDIS-Città della Scienza, Naples , opened the door for a weekend is dedicated to Galileo to Darwin , of \u200b\u200bwhose birth falls this year the two-hundredth anniversary, while in Acerno, in the province of Salerno, the Scientific-Cultural Association has organized a hemispheres Star Party with the observation of so-called "Galilean objects" in the beautiful setting Picentini.

CLAUDIA MIGNONE

the picture (NASA), an artistic representation of the new, giant ring discovered around Saturn with the Spitzer Space Telescope . The ring starts at about 6 million km from the planet, and extends for more than 12 million km.

How Adjust Cliff Keen Signature Headgear

The varied garden cosmic

Over the years, astronomers have come up with new technical details in order to observe the sky. A technique that has found enormous success is that of "survey", or catalogs of galaxies . These observations more or less large portions of sky in order to detect astronomical sources, especially the weakest and most distant .

The result is a map of the sky, instead of describing the position of planets and constellations, reconstructs the distribution of galaxies in the universe. For each galaxy, the light emitted is measured, the distance from us and other properties that are then used by astrophysicists to study the possible models of formation and evolution of galaxies. Over the last decade this field of astronomy has grown a lot thanks to the proliferation of ever more accurate survey.

One of the findings shared unanimously by all these surveys is that the galaxies in the universe are not distributed evenly but tend to be grouped into structures that are called groups or clusters of galaxies . If you look at regions very large universe, the same clusters appear to be part of a distribution made even more difficult to superclusters, filaments and empty regions (see diagram).

Moving from these observations to detailed models for the explanation of the processes of formation and evolution of galaxies is not easy. The basic concept however is quite familiar. Think of a survey of galaxies as a picture of a plant full of flowers. Some flowers are not yet in bloom, others are in their full splendor, and others are already dead. In this context, our minds easily trace an evolutionary sequence. The galaxies in the survey are like flowers in plants, each with a different developmental stage. It is the responsibility of astrophysical theories describe a galaxy as "blooms" and evolves. Currently, the scientific community there is general agreement on the factors that lead to the birth of a galaxy, but its developmental stages are still under debate.

MARCELLO HUNTED

In this image from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS ), Earth is the center and each point is a galaxy. The galaxies are color coded according to the age of their stars (the red indicates the galaxies with old stars). The zoom in the right pane shows a cluster of galaxies.

Platypus Breeders In The Usa

somatostatin analogs



111-In Octreotide

the somatostatin neuro is a small cyclic peptide present in neurons and endocrine cells particularly in the brain, in peripheral neurons in the endocrine pancreas and gastrointestinal tract. The native somatostatin has a half-life very short (1-3 min.) And have therefore been developed with a therapeutic purpose, its synthetic analogues:

• L ' Octreotide acetate is available corresponds to one of the similar molecule 111In-[DTPA Dphe ] Octreotide ( Octreoscan ). This molecule binds specifically to somatostatin receptors particular affinity with the subtypes 2 and 5.
  

I somatostatin receptors have been identified in numerous source neuro endocrine cells and their presence with varying degrees of density has also been documented in some non-neuronal cells and endocrine . For these reasons could be visualized by octreotide scintigraphy tumors that originate from cell lines expressing receptors for somatostatin . The main indication for the execution of a 111In-[DTPA Dphe ] is represented by neuro endocrine tumors that show a high density of somatostatin receptors and can be easily viewed by scintigraphy. The examination is indicated for the location of the primary tumor and metastases may be present to diagnose recurrent disease or its progression, to monitor the effect of surgery, radiation, or of chemotherapy to predict response to therapy as a prognostic factor for selecting patients for radioiodine therapy with an analogue of somatostatin labeled a beta-emitting radionuclide such as' Yttrium -90.

Since the density of somatostatin receptors in neuroendocrine tumors is highly variable, the sensitivity of the technique in different isoptipi is very diverse. It may also be reduced if concomitant therapy with octreotide acetate. in the case of neuroendocrine tumor scintigraphy with 111In-[DTPA Dphe ] octreotide not a question of choice except in determining the concentration of somatostatin receptors present in the tissue. The molecule of 111In-[DTPA Dphe ] octreotide is rapidly cleared from the circulation, and in fact only 10 min . after administration, only 35% of is injected into the circulation, a figure that at 20 min . down to '1%. Elimination is mainly via the kidneys with approximately 50% of injected activity was recovered in urine after 6 hours and 85% after 24 hours of injection. Elimination is through the hepatobiliary system. Somatostatin receptors are expressed in many cells of different organs that appear normal during a 111In-[DTPA Dphe ] octreotide :

• liver, spleen, pituitary, thyroid and kidney

Even after adrenal stimulation can be viewed dimly. Other organs appear at different times as a result of the process of elimination of tracer:

• gallbladder intestinno , renal pelvis, ureter and bladder.
  

Avril Lavigne Concert Tour

Radiopharmaceuticals and perfusion of "cellularity"



99mTc-Sestamibi ---> (esakìs-2-methoxy-isobutyl isonitrile)
99mTc-tetrofosmin ---> (6,9-bis (ethoxyethyl) - 3)

lipophilic cationic radiopharmaceuticals are capable of creating complex with technetium in reduced state. As the 201Tl hano a predominantly intracellular distribution. LEDU chemical characteristics of these molecules are alal basis of the mechanism of accumulation at the cellular level:

The

• lipopfilicità that helps overcome
• the cell membrane that allows the positive polarity of the molecule inside the cell phone intreppolamento through transmembrane electronegative potential, the more electronegative potential of mitochondria within the cytoplasm compared to explain the preferential accumulation of 99mTc-Sestamibi and 99mTc-tetrofosmin in the mitochondria.

areas of accumulation of these molecules depends on the regional blood flow, the intensity of the ATP-dependent metabolism and the degree of cellularity. the normal distribution of 99mTc-Sestamibi and 99mTc-tetrofosmin is at the level of the glands, thyroid, myocardium , liver, gallbladder, small intestine, colon, kidney, bladder, choroid plexus, skeletal muscle.

Speed Suits Track Field

Radiopharmaceuticals II and perfusion of "cellularity"

Thallium 201 chloride (201Tl)

The 201 Tl, radioactive isotope of thallium (Tl 81, atomic weight 204) per decade electron capture by issuing three types of X-rays with half-life of 73 hours and is a cation with chemical properties similar to those of k +. In fact, such as K +, has a predominantly intracellular distribution and its transport within the cytoplasm requires the presence of cell membrane integrity. The mechanisms of intracellular transport are different, some of which are probably not yet clear:

• pump sodium-potassium ATP dependent
• system cotransport of potassium / sodium / chloride
• transport through the channels Ca + + dependent

for these reasons, the 201Tl, tends to accumulate in tissues with high cellularity and cell viability, E 'is negligible in the hyperaccumulator load of necrotic tissue and low level of inflammatory and connective tissue. Other factors which positively affect the accumulation of 201Tl in a tissue is blood flow (its distribution in the context of a body is directly proportional to regional blood flow), the increased vascular permeability and cell membrane.
The heart, liver, spleen, muscles, thyroid, salivary glands and kidneys are normal sites of accumulation of 201Tl. The 201Tl is currently being used since the 70s to study myocardial perfusion in the assessment of ischemic heart disease. With regard to its use in cancer early studies have been performed for the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Later it was used in the diagnosis of various cancers, including those of the parathyroid glands and brain. The disadvantages of 201Tl
reside primarily in the physical characteristics of this radionuclide:

• long half-life involving high dosimetry and the consequent need to use the amount of dose contained causing a signal with low photon flux.
• 72Kev the low energy emission is due to a low resolution image

Where Can I Buy Whippets At

Radiopharmaceuticals for the study of the skeleton

study Skeleton

since 1972 have been introduced phosphates and diphosphates Perla Studio 's bone imaging. Phosphate compounds (pyrophosphate, metilendifosfonato, idrossimetilendifosfonato), 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals are the most commonly used today to perform a scintigraphic study of the skeleton. The uptake of these radiopharmaceuticals by bone by bone occurs through mechanisms not yet fully understood. Through an initial chemo-absorbed on the surface of crystals of calcium idrossipatite newly formed. The deposition then essentially reflects the extent of osteoblastic phenomena, in fact, skeletal scintigraphy is a young person growing sites show net uptake in physiological bone growth. A skeletal maturation occurred in the scintigraphic images stand out on the basis of a diffuse and homogeneous uptake linked to the normal replacement mineral that constantly affects the whole skeleton, the mineral districts with the most intense parts. Thanks to rapid renal excretion, phosphates have a high ratio bone tissue / soft 2-3 hours after injection. 50-60% of the injected dose is localized to bone, and the remainder is excreted by the kidneys. The uptake of phosphate by bone is related to a high number of factors, contingency plans are important blood supply and the extent of bone tournover. Essential condition for the radiopharmaceutical to settle on a certain segment of bone is, in fact, that this bone segment receives an adequate blood supply. In fact, in cases of vascular necrosis, such as the femoral head, the scan here shows a lack of uptake in the early stages after the occurrence of disease (1-2 weeks). Only belatedly, started the phenomena of reparative bone remodeling, the edesima area previously "cold" shows uptake of rafiofarmaco. On the contrary phenomena are iperafflusso blood scintigraphically marked with an increased uptake of radiopharmaceutical.